Family Card - Person Sheet
Family Card - Person Sheet
NameGeorge Elmhirst DUCKERING 
, 1200
, 1200Baptism10 August 1876, Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England2801 Age: <1
Census3 April 1881, Kirton in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England2802 Age: 4
Census5 April 1891, 22 Old Keys, Hibaldstow, Lincolnshire, England2803 Age: 14
Census31 March 1901, Kensington, London, England2804 Age: 24
DeathNovember 1964, Bournemouth, Dorset, England2807 Age: 88
EducationScholar 1881 Census, Civil Service (Assitant of Excise) 1901, Civil Servant HM Inspector of Factories, Home Office 1911293,2804,2805
FatherCharles Elmhirst DUCKERING , 1164 (1843-1906)
MotherAmelia BROWN , 1188 (1848-1925)
Spouses
1Agnes Ann ROBINSON Annie 2808, 1201
2808, 1201Census3 April 1881, Brunswick Grove, Sculcoates, Yorkshire, England2811 Age: 8
Census5 April 1891, Sculcoates, Yorkshire, England2812 Age: 18
Census31 March 1901, Sculcoates, Yorkshire, England2813 Age: 28
Census2 April 1911, 118 Portland Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England2805 Age: 38
Burial29 May 1941, Liverpool Crematorium, Liverpool, England
EducationScholer 18812811
FatherCharles Andrew ROBINSON , 5462 (~1850-)
MotherAgnes Ann NUTT , 5461 (~1847-)
No Children
Notes for George Elmhirst DUCKERING
Page 3776 Supplemnet to the London Gazette, 3 June 1925 records: “George Elmhirst Duckering, Esq., Inspector of Factories, Home Office: Director of Government Wool Disinfecting Station.”
Anita recollects that George was married to Annie. (Conversation10.2.96)
George and Annie had no children. (Betty Edwards phone call 2.7.96)
George Elmhirst Duckering OBE (1877 - 1964)
A watershed period in the development of industrial hygiene to improve working conditions in British factories and workshops is the work of the skilled chemist, George Elmhirst Duckering, HM Government’s Inspector of Factories, during the initial decades of the 20th century. This work included the determination at workplaces by air measurements and calculation of the actual quantities of deleterious substances inhaled by workers per working day and year. His work with Thomas Legge, the first Medical Inspector of Factories, involved detailed studies of lead absorption and poisoning in tinning workshops and the pottery industry, silica dust exposure and silicosis in the pottery industry, and work on anthrax. The need in factories for hygiene standards (occupational exposure limits) for dust was articulated by Duckering in 1910. Mark Piney, HM Principal Specialist Inspector (Occupational Hygiene), considered that Duckering was, in effect, the first UK specialist occupational hygiene inspector and that his work was exemplary.23 Piney states “Examining a number of dusty processes, mainly involving lead, he measured lead-in-air emissions and exposure and analysed the sources of dust emission in terms of their contributions to exposure. He also identified surface contamination as a source of potential absorption, via ingestion. From his work process analysis he was able to propose controls, based on changes of process and working methods and on the application of exhaust and general ventilation.”
One of the illnesses spawned by industrialisation was Woolsorter’s Disease caused by anthrax. It has the distinction of being history’s first well-studied and effectively controlled epidemic of occupational illness. Duckering played no small part in the success of combatting this disease in his work with bacteriologists and the Anthrax Investigation Board. Duckering investigated dust exposure in processes preparatory to the manufacture of wool, goat hair and camel hair – the work being published in 1913. He spearheaded the effort to find ways to kill the anthrax spores without ruining the fleeces and devised, in great detail, an entirely satisfactory, economic, disinfecting process for anthrax-infected wool, using formalin. In 1919, the Anthrax Protection Act was passed. No mohair, raw wool or alpaca was allowed into Britain unless it had first been decontaminated. In 1921, a Home Office Disinfection Station was opened in Liverpool (a principal port by which wool entered Great Britain). It was capable of treating 10-12 million tons of imported wool and hair per year. Cases of inhalation anthrax in the wool industry diminished sharply after this.24 Duckering was the first director of the Liverpool Disinfection Station where he remained until his retirement in 1940. At the Station he conducted further research on the use of steam, ultra-violet light and other methods of disinfection. In 1925 he was honored by appointment as an ‘Officer (Civil Division) of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire’ (OBE). The so called ‘Duckering Process’, using formalin, is still recommended by the WHO today for disinfection stations for dealing with the import of wool, hair or bristles from endemic regions.
Reliable, systematic measurements of the exposures of workers to deleterious substances and an understanding of how those exposures occurred, was to become an important component of industrial/occupational hygiene practice to ensure adequate control to minimise exposure, and further in the future exposure records would be important for litigation defence (and attack). Source online occhealth.co.za Occupational Health South Africa 28/2/2020
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.[2] It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection.[9] Symptoms begin between one day and two months after the infection is contracted.[1] The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black center.[1] The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath.[1] The intestinal form presents with diarrhea which may contain blood, abdominal pains, and nausea and vomiting.[1] The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection.[1]
Anthrax is spread by contact with the bacterium's spores, which often appear in infectious animal products.[10] Contact is by breathing, eating, or through an area of broken skin.[10] It does not typically spread directly between people.[10] Risk factors include people who work with animals or animal products, travelers, postal workers, and military personnel.[3] Diagnosis can be confirmed based on finding antibodies or the toxin in the blood or by culture of a sample from the infected site.[4]
Although Koch arguably made the greatest theoretical contribution to our understanding of anthrax, other researchers were more concerned with the practical questions of how to prevent the disease. In Britain, where anthrax affected workers in the wool, worsted, hides and tanning industries, it was viewed with fear. John Henry Bell, a doctor based in Bradford, first made the link between the mysterious and deadly "woolsorter's disease" and anthrax, showing in 1878 that they were one and the same.[61] In the early twentieth century, Friederich Wilhelm Eurich, the German bacteriologist who settled in Bradford with his family as a child, carried out important research for the local Anthrax Investigation Board. Eurich also made valuable contributions to a Home Office Departmental Committee of Inquiry, established in 1913 to address the continuing problem of industrial anthrax.[62] His work in this capacity, much of it collaboration with the factory inspector G. Elmhirst Duckering, led directly to the Anthrax Prevention Act (1919). (Copied form Wikipedia 2nd March 2019)
Article written by G Elmhirst Duckering, HM Inspector of Factories, The Cause of Lead Poisoning in the tinning of metals. 30 pages - filed under 1200 George Elmhirst Duckering & report name.
1921 . The first Government wool disinfecting station established as the outcome of the recommendation of the Departmental Committee on Anthrax is in operation in Liverpool, the chief port of the United Kingdom for the importation of wool. It is well known that anthrax , germs are present in wools and hides obtained from flocks and herds which roam wild in Asiatic, Indian, South American, and other quasi-civilised parts of the earth, where the disease is more or less rampant. For the past half century or so experiments to discover a method for the disinfection of wool have failed, either because the disinfection ruined the material or the disease organism survived the attempts to destroy it. The departmental committee's experiments carried out by Mr G. Elmhurst Duckering and Dr. Eurich evolved a process of disinfection which, while having no deleterious influence upon the wool so far as manufacture was concerned, brought about the desired condition of complete sterilisation. In normal times the import into Liverpool of wools unofficially scheduled as dangerous runs to between 90,000,000 and 100,000,000 lb weight annually. The present unparalleled slump in the wool trade has reduced this total to a skeleton of its former self. When the trial disinfecting station is fully equipped with plant it will be capable of dealing with 6,000,000 lb to 8,000,000 lb of wool per annum. The Liverpool experiment, it is more than probable, will be the forerunner of the application of the process either in the United Kingdom or elsewhere to all the wools unofficially scheduled as dangerous before they reach the industrial centres of the world. Ashburton Guardian, Volume XLII, issue 9405, 8 December 1921, page 4 New Zealand
Anita recollects that George was married to Annie. (Conversation10.2.96)
George and Annie had no children. (Betty Edwards phone call 2.7.96)
George Elmhirst Duckering OBE (1877 - 1964)
A watershed period in the development of industrial hygiene to improve working conditions in British factories and workshops is the work of the skilled chemist, George Elmhirst Duckering, HM Government’s Inspector of Factories, during the initial decades of the 20th century. This work included the determination at workplaces by air measurements and calculation of the actual quantities of deleterious substances inhaled by workers per working day and year. His work with Thomas Legge, the first Medical Inspector of Factories, involved detailed studies of lead absorption and poisoning in tinning workshops and the pottery industry, silica dust exposure and silicosis in the pottery industry, and work on anthrax. The need in factories for hygiene standards (occupational exposure limits) for dust was articulated by Duckering in 1910. Mark Piney, HM Principal Specialist Inspector (Occupational Hygiene), considered that Duckering was, in effect, the first UK specialist occupational hygiene inspector and that his work was exemplary.23 Piney states “Examining a number of dusty processes, mainly involving lead, he measured lead-in-air emissions and exposure and analysed the sources of dust emission in terms of their contributions to exposure. He also identified surface contamination as a source of potential absorption, via ingestion. From his work process analysis he was able to propose controls, based on changes of process and working methods and on the application of exhaust and general ventilation.”
One of the illnesses spawned by industrialisation was Woolsorter’s Disease caused by anthrax. It has the distinction of being history’s first well-studied and effectively controlled epidemic of occupational illness. Duckering played no small part in the success of combatting this disease in his work with bacteriologists and the Anthrax Investigation Board. Duckering investigated dust exposure in processes preparatory to the manufacture of wool, goat hair and camel hair – the work being published in 1913. He spearheaded the effort to find ways to kill the anthrax spores without ruining the fleeces and devised, in great detail, an entirely satisfactory, economic, disinfecting process for anthrax-infected wool, using formalin. In 1919, the Anthrax Protection Act was passed. No mohair, raw wool or alpaca was allowed into Britain unless it had first been decontaminated. In 1921, a Home Office Disinfection Station was opened in Liverpool (a principal port by which wool entered Great Britain). It was capable of treating 10-12 million tons of imported wool and hair per year. Cases of inhalation anthrax in the wool industry diminished sharply after this.24 Duckering was the first director of the Liverpool Disinfection Station where he remained until his retirement in 1940. At the Station he conducted further research on the use of steam, ultra-violet light and other methods of disinfection. In 1925 he was honored by appointment as an ‘Officer (Civil Division) of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire’ (OBE). The so called ‘Duckering Process’, using formalin, is still recommended by the WHO today for disinfection stations for dealing with the import of wool, hair or bristles from endemic regions.
Reliable, systematic measurements of the exposures of workers to deleterious substances and an understanding of how those exposures occurred, was to become an important component of industrial/occupational hygiene practice to ensure adequate control to minimise exposure, and further in the future exposure records would be important for litigation defence (and attack). Source online occhealth.co.za Occupational Health South Africa 28/2/2020
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.[2] It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection.[9] Symptoms begin between one day and two months after the infection is contracted.[1] The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling that often turns into a painless ulcer with a black center.[1] The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath.[1] The intestinal form presents with diarrhea which may contain blood, abdominal pains, and nausea and vomiting.[1] The injection form presents with fever and an abscess at the site of drug injection.[1]
Anthrax is spread by contact with the bacterium's spores, which often appear in infectious animal products.[10] Contact is by breathing, eating, or through an area of broken skin.[10] It does not typically spread directly between people.[10] Risk factors include people who work with animals or animal products, travelers, postal workers, and military personnel.[3] Diagnosis can be confirmed based on finding antibodies or the toxin in the blood or by culture of a sample from the infected site.[4]
Although Koch arguably made the greatest theoretical contribution to our understanding of anthrax, other researchers were more concerned with the practical questions of how to prevent the disease. In Britain, where anthrax affected workers in the wool, worsted, hides and tanning industries, it was viewed with fear. John Henry Bell, a doctor based in Bradford, first made the link between the mysterious and deadly "woolsorter's disease" and anthrax, showing in 1878 that they were one and the same.[61] In the early twentieth century, Friederich Wilhelm Eurich, the German bacteriologist who settled in Bradford with his family as a child, carried out important research for the local Anthrax Investigation Board. Eurich also made valuable contributions to a Home Office Departmental Committee of Inquiry, established in 1913 to address the continuing problem of industrial anthrax.[62] His work in this capacity, much of it collaboration with the factory inspector G. Elmhirst Duckering, led directly to the Anthrax Prevention Act (1919). (Copied form Wikipedia 2nd March 2019)
Article written by G Elmhirst Duckering, HM Inspector of Factories, The Cause of Lead Poisoning in the tinning of metals. 30 pages - filed under 1200 George Elmhirst Duckering & report name.
1921 . The first Government wool disinfecting station established as the outcome of the recommendation of the Departmental Committee on Anthrax is in operation in Liverpool, the chief port of the United Kingdom for the importation of wool. It is well known that anthrax , germs are present in wools and hides obtained from flocks and herds which roam wild in Asiatic, Indian, South American, and other quasi-civilised parts of the earth, where the disease is more or less rampant. For the past half century or so experiments to discover a method for the disinfection of wool have failed, either because the disinfection ruined the material or the disease organism survived the attempts to destroy it. The departmental committee's experiments carried out by Mr G. Elmhurst Duckering and Dr. Eurich evolved a process of disinfection which, while having no deleterious influence upon the wool so far as manufacture was concerned, brought about the desired condition of complete sterilisation. In normal times the import into Liverpool of wools unofficially scheduled as dangerous runs to between 90,000,000 and 100,000,000 lb weight annually. The present unparalleled slump in the wool trade has reduced this total to a skeleton of its former self. When the trial disinfecting station is fully equipped with plant it will be capable of dealing with 6,000,000 lb to 8,000,000 lb of wool per annum. The Liverpool experiment, it is more than probable, will be the forerunner of the application of the process either in the United Kingdom or elsewhere to all the wools unofficially scheduled as dangerous before they reach the industrial centres of the world. Ashburton Guardian, Volume XLII, issue 9405, 8 December 1921, page 4 New Zealand
Notes for Agnes Ann (Spouse 1)
1941 Liverpool Daily Post, Wednesday, May 28, 1941. Deaths. Duckering, May 26, at Southport nursing home, Agnes Ann, the beloved wife of George E Duckering, of Arley, Dowhills Road, Blundellsands. Service at Liverpool Crematorium, tomorrow (Thursday), at 1.30pm.
Notes for George Elmhirst & Agnes Ann (Family)
Parish register: 1903 Marriage solemnized at the parish church in the parish of Sculcoates in the county of York. No 262, September 10th 1903. George Elmhirst Duckering age 27, bachelor, Factory Inspector residing 20 Wyndham Road, Edgbaston, father Charles Elmhirst Dcukering, farmer. Agnes Ann Robinson, age 30, spinster residing 16 Leicester Street, father Charles Andrew Robinson, draftsman. Both signed in the presence of Charles A Robinson & Chas Elmhirst Duckering.